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White Matter of Cerebrum

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  WHITE  MATTER  OF  CEREBRUM Nerve fibres forming the white matter of cerebrum are derived from the axons of pyramidal cells in the cerebral cortex. They are classified into 3 groups – Association fibres Projection fibres Commissural fibres   ASSOCIATION   FIBRES These fibres connect the cortical areas of the same hemisphere. They consist of two sets – Short & Long fibres . Short   Association   Fibres :- They connect the adjacent gyri. They are intra-cortical or sub-cortical in arrangement. Long   Association   Fibres :- They connect the gyri which are separated from one another by considerable interval. They are arranged in 5 bundles . Cingulum – It is an arched bundle lies within the cingulate gyrus. The fibres belong to limbic lobe and form a part of Papez circuit . Uncinate Fasciculus – It is an arched b...
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Functional Areas of Cerebral Cortex

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FUNCTIONAL AREAS OF CEREBRAL CORTEX Cerebral cortex is divided into a number of areas for functional analysis. Frequently referred functional areas are “ 52 areas of Brodmann ”. Cortical areas are divided into- Motor Areas Sensory Areas  Psychical Area MOTOR AREAS Motor areas occupy Frontal lobe . They are further subdivided into- Primary Motor Area (Area No. 4) Pre-Motor Area (Areas 6 & 8) Supplementary Motor Area Pre-Frontal Area (Areas 9 - 12) PRIMARY MOTOR AREA (AREA NO. 4) Location :- Pre-central gyrus & anterior part of paracentral lobule . Connections :- Afferents- From ventral nuclei of thalamus. From other cortical areas of same hemisphere through association fibres. From cortical areas of opposite hemisphere through commissural fibres. Efferents- Cortico-bulbar tract Cortico-nuclear tract Cortico-spinal tract Fronto-pontine fibres Fibres to corpus striatum Fibres to red nucleus Fibres to brain stem Fibres to reticular nuclei Functions :- Con...
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Posterior Triangle of Neck

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  POSTERIOR  TRIANGLE  OF  NECK (Find the Video Tutorial Here 👇 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-nJQWzkv1Gc )       The side of the neck is divided diagonally by sternocleidomastoid muscle into anterior & posterior triangles.        Posterior triangle of the neck lies behind the sternocleidomastoid muscle. BOUNDARIES In Front :- Posterior border of sternocleidomastoid muscle. Behind :- Anterior border of trapezius muscle. Apex :- Superior nuchal line of the occipital bone. Base :- Middle 1/3 rd of the clavicle. Floor :- Semispinalis capitis (occasional) Splenius capitis Levator scapulae Scalenus posterior Scalenus medius Outer border of first rib First digitation of Serratus anterior Prevertebral fascia covering all the floor structures Roof :- Skin, superficial fascia, platysma, investing layer of deep cervical fascia. The roof is crossed by supraclavicular nerves & external jugular vein. SUBDIVISIONS 2.5cm ab...
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