PHARYNGEAL APPARATUS Pharyngeal / Branchial apparatus consists of.. 6 Pharyngeal Arches - 5 th Arch disappears 4 Pharyngeal Clefts - only 1 st Cleft remains 4 Pharyngeal Pouches DERIVATIVES OF PHARYNGEAL ARCHES FIRST (MANDIBULAR) ARCH DERIVATIVES :- Skeletal Elements :- Malleus Incus Anterior ligament of malleus Spheno-mandibular ligament Body of the Mandible Muscles :- Muscles of mastication Tensor tympani Tensor veli palatini Anterior belly of digastric Mylohyoid Artery :- Maxillary Artery Nerve :- Mandibular Nerve Chorda tympani nerve SECOND (HYOID) ARCH DERIVATIVES :- Skeletal Elements :- Stapes Styloid process Stylo-hyoid ligament Lesser cornu of Hyoid bone Upper part of body of Hyoid bone Muscles :- Stapedius Stylohyoid Muscles of Facial expression Auricular muscles Epicranius muscle Posterior belly of Digastric Platysma Artery :- Stapedial Artery Nerve :- Facial Nerve THIRD ARCH DERIVATIVES :- Skeletal Elements :- Greater cornu of Hyoid bone Lower part of body of
POSTERIOR TRIANGLE OF NECK (Find the Video Tutorial Here 👇 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-nJQWzkv1Gc ) The side of the neck is divided diagonally by sternocleidomastoid muscle into anterior & posterior triangles. Posterior triangle of the neck lies behind the sternocleidomastoid muscle. BOUNDARIES In Front :- Posterior border of sternocleidomastoid muscle. Behind :- Anterior border of trapezius muscle. Apex :- Superior nuchal line of the occipital bone. Base :- Middle 1/3 rd of the clavicle. Floor :- Semispinalis capitis (occasional) Splenius capitis Levator scapulae Scalenus posterior Scalenus medius Outer border of first rib First digitation of Serratus anterior Prevertebral fascia covering all the floor structures Roof :- Skin, superficial fascia, platysma, investing layer of deep cervical fascia. The roof is crossed by supraclavicular nerves & external jugular vein. SUBDIVISIONS 2.5cm above the clavicle inferior belly of omohyoid muscle di